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The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult.
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, [1] most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. [2]
Porta Reale Curtain, also known as St. James Curtain – the curtain wall linking St. John's and St. James Bastions. The city's main gate is located within the curtain wall. [37] The gate was rebuilt five times, with the present one being constructed between 2011 and 2014 to a design by Renzo Piano. St. James Counterguard
The bastioned enclosure is composed of several defensive buildings such as the curtain wall of the defensive walls, the gates, designed to allow and control the entry and exit of the inhabitants, the bastions consisting of pentagonal constructions, which join two consecutive lines of defensive wall on the inner side of the pentagon, the forts ...
Amsterdam's 22 bastions cost 11 million florins, and Siena in 1544 bankrupted itself to pay for its defences. For this reason, bastion forts were often improvised from earlier defences. Medieval curtain walls were torn down, and a ditch was dug in front of them. The earth used from the excavation was piled behind the walls to create a solid ...
The walls of the upper town remain largely intact and include the ruins of the Porte de Saint-Ours, the well preserved Porte Royale, long stretches of curtain wall and several towers and bastions. The walls of the lower town are partly demolished, but 4 towers, a few smaller later-added turrets, a long section of curtain wall and the well ...
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