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The volcano formed the northern ridge of the Bandung Basin. The ancient volcano is the predecessor of today's Tangkuban Perahu, Burangrang, and Bukit Tunggul volcanoes. The Sunda volcano was a stratovolcano and is estimated to have reached up to 3,000–4,000 metres (9,850–13,100 ft) above sea level during the Pleistocene age. [1]
Java Island is located on the east side of the Sunda Arc, located between Sumatra and Bali. [19] Its oceanic crust's thickness is approximately 20–25 kilometers. [ 17 ] With the geological activities and the tectonic nature of Sunda Arc, megathrust earthquakes and volcanic activities are ubiquitous on Java island. [ 20 ]
A thundering sound was heard from the mountain Batuwara [now called Pulosari, an extinct volcano in Bantam, the nearest to the Sunda Strait] which was answered by a similar noise from Kapi, lying westward of the modern Bantam [ is the westernmost province in Java, so this seems to indicate that Krakatoa is meant]. A great glowing fire, which ...
Sangeang Api (Gunung Api or Gunung Sangeang) is an active complex volcano on the island of Sangeang in Indonesia. It consists of two volcanic cones, 1,949 metres (6,394 ft) Doro Api and 1,795 m (5,889 ft) Doro Mantoi. [1] Sangeang Api is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Sunda Islands.
A large area of the Sunda Strait and places on the Sumatran coast were affected by pyroclastic flows from the volcano. Verbeek and others believe that the final major Krakatoa eruption was a lateral blast, or pyroclastic surge. Material shot out of the volcano at 2,575 kilometres per hour (715 metres per second). [10]
According to Koesoemadinata, Professor Emeritus of Geology at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), the name "Sunda" originates from the Sanskrit word "Cuddha," meaning white. Reinout Willem van Bemmelen, another geologist, noted that during the Pleistocene era, there was a large volcano named Mount Sunda located north of Bandung in West ...
Anak Krakatau is located in the Sunda Strait—between the islands of Java and Sumatra—in the Indonesian province of Lampung. [9] The volcano is contained within the Ujung Kulon National Park, [notes 2] and is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. [10]
There are 45 active volcanoes on the island excluding 20 small craters and cones in the Dieng volcanic complex and the young cones in the Tengger caldera complex. Some volcanoes are grouped together in the list below because of their close location. Mount Merapi, Semeru and Kelud are the most active volcanoes in Java