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An immature teratoma is a teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma. [1] A teratoma is a tumor of germ cell origin, containing tissues from more than one germ cell line, [2] [3] [4] It can be ovarian or testicular in its origin. [4] and are almost always benign. [5]
Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are heterogeneous tumors that are derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad, which accounts for about 2.6% of all ovarian malignancies. [1] There are four main types of OGCTs, namely dysgerminomas , yolk sac tumor , teratoma , and choriocarcinoma .
Immature teratoma is the malignant counterpart of the mature teratoma and contains immature tissues which typically show primitive or embryonal neuroectodermal histopathology. Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure .
Mature cystic teratoma: 46.0%: 0.17% to 2% [6] Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). [7] Hair follicles. Immature teratoma: 2.5%: 100%: A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma. [8] Other germ cell tumors 3.0%
There is no specific marker for immature teratomas, but carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA-125, CA19-9, or AFP can sometimes indicate an immature teratoma. [ 32 ] Stage I teratomas make up the majority (75%) of cases and have the best prognosis, with 98% of patients surviving five years; if a Stage I tumor is also grade 1, it can be treated ...
A dermoid cyst is a teratoma of a cystic nature that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues. It frequently consists of skin, hair follicles, and sweat glands, while other commonly found components include clumps of long hair, pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nail, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
A cystic teratoma with a small Rokitansky nodule — region of thickened cyst wall (bottom part of image). In gynecology , a Rokitansky nodule is a mass or lump in an ovarian teratomatous cyst . [ 1 ]
The ovarian disease has two forms, juvenile and adult, both characterized by indolent growth, [1] and therefore has high recovery rates. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The staging system for these tumours is the same as for epithelial tumours and most present as stage I. [ 4 ] The peak age at which they occur is 50–55 years, but they may occur at any age.