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  2. Andrew P. Vayda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_P._Vayda

    Explanation and explanation-oriented research proceed from the events that are regarded as the effects to be explained (i.e., the explananda) to their causes and not vice versa, thus reducing the confirmation bias which, according to Vayda and Walters, was promoted by the causes-to-effects research characteristic of such fields as political ...

  3. Cultural cognition of risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_cognition_of_risk

    The cultural cognition of risk, sometimes called simply cultural cognition, is the hypothesized tendency to perceive risks and related facts in relation to personal values. Research examining this phenomenon draws on a variety of social science disciplines including psychology , anthropology , political science , sociology , and communications.

  4. Cultural theory of risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Theory_of_risk

    A variety of scholars have presented survey data in support of Cultural Theory. The first of these was Karl Dake, a graduate student of Wildavsky, who correlated perceptions of various societal risks—environmental disaster, external aggression, internal disorder, market breakdown—with subjects’ scores on attitudinal scales that he believed reflected the “cultural worldviews ...

  5. Social exchange theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_exchange_theory

    Social exchange theory is a theoretical explanation for organizational citizenship behavior. This study examines a model of clear leadership and relational building between head and teachers as antecedents, and organizational citizenship behavior as a consequence of teacher–school exchange. [ 62 ]

  6. Emic and etic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emic_and_etic

    An 'etic' account is a description of a behavior or belief by a social analyst or scientific observer (a student or scholar of anthropology or sociology, for example), in terms that can be applied across cultures; that is, an etic account attempts to be 'culturally neutral', limiting any ethnocentric, political or cultural bias or alienation by ...

  7. Mary Douglas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Douglas

    Dame Mary Douglas, DBE FBA (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture, symbolism and risk, whose area of speciality was social anthropology.

  8. Anthropology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology

    Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. [1] Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. [1]

  9. Cultural anthropology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_anthropology

    Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of a posited anthropological constant. The term sociocultural anthropology includes both cultural and social anthropology traditions. [1]