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Buckshot size is most commonly designated by a series of numbers and letters, with smaller numbers indicating larger shot. Sizes larger than "0" are designated by multiple zeros. "00" (usually pronounced "double-aught" in North American English ) is the most commonly sold size.
While shotguns had been used in earlier conflicts, the trench warfare of World War I demonstrated a need for standardized weapons and ammunition. [2] Initial issue with each shotgun was one hundred commercial-production paper-cased shotgun shells containing nine 00 buckshot pellets 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) in diameter.
The size of the lead shot that is produced is determined by the diameter of the orifice used to drip the lead, ranging from approximately 0.018 inches (0.46 mm) for #9 lead shot to about 0.025 inches (0.64 mm) for #6 or #7.0 shot, while also depending on the specific lead alloy that is used.
A number of compromises are involved in choosing a shot size: ... 12-gauge shell loaded with nine hardened 00 buckshot, with a diameter of about 8.4 mm (0.33 in).
Shot is termed either birdshot or buckshot depending on the shot size. Informally, birdshot pellets have a diameter smaller than 5 mm (0.20 in) and buckshot are larger than that. Pellet size is indicated by a number; for bird shot this ranges from the smallest 12 (1.2 mm, 0.05 in) to 2 (3.8 mm, 0.15 in) and then BB (4.6 mm, 0.18 in). [15]
Though many sizes and configurations of shotshell are used by police, among the most common is the 12-gauge 2 3 ⁄ 4-inch (70 mm) 00 ("double-aught") buckshot shell, which consists of 8 or 9 .33 caliber (8.5 mm) round lead balls, each of which is similar in size and velocity to a 9mm/.38 caliber handgun bullet (which actually have a diameter ...
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2 + 3 ⁄ 4-in or 3-inch 12 gauge shot shell: Caliber: 12 gauge: Action: Gas operated: Muzzle velocity: 403 m/s (1,325 ft/s) for 12 gauge, 2 + 3 ⁄ 4-inch, 00 buckshot load 475 m/s (1,560 ft/s) for 12-gauge 437 grain rifled slug: Effective firing range: 40 m: Maximum firing range: 100 m: Feed system: 2 to 4 rounds; internal tube magazine [1 ...