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The risk of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis increases with older age, use of interacting medications such as fibrates, and hypothyroidism. [94] [95] Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) levels are decreased in statin use; [96] CoQ10 supplements are sometimes used to treat statin-associated myopathy, though evidence of their efficacy is lacking as of 2017. [97]
Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy (SAAM), also known as anti-HMGCR myopathy, is a very rare form of muscle damage caused by the immune system in people who take statin medications. [1] However, there are cases of SAAM in patients who have not taken statin medication, and this can be explained by the exposure to natural sources of statin ...
Statin-induced hepatotoxicity can cause autoimmune hepatitis and an elevation in serum levels of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, impairing liver function. [20] Myotoxicity is commonly presented with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), which include myalgia and myositis . [ 21 ]
A small increased risk of raised blood sugar levels and the development of type 2 diabetes have been reported with the use of statins. A 2010 published meta-analysis found for every 255 patients taking a statin for 4 years, one additional case of diabetes would occur whilst preventing 5.4 major coronary events. [27]
It can be noted that blocking of isoprenoid synthesis by statins has shown promise in treating a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory autoimmune disease. [19] Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by statins is lessened in patients with type 2 diabetes, which results in lessened inhibition of coronary atheromatous plaque, development. [20]
Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is rare, occurring in less than 0.1% of people who take statins. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] Statin induced rhabdomyolysis, as with other statin associated muscle symptoms, occurs most commonly in the first year of treatment but can occur at any time during treatment. [ 64 ]