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The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou / ˌ p æ p ə ˈ n ɪ k ə l aʊ /; Greek: Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου [papanikoˈlau]; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the pap smear for detection of cervical cancer.
Andromachi "Mary" Mavrogeni Papanikolaou [note 1] (1890-13 October 1982) was a Greek laboratory technician and the wife of Georgios Papanikolaou, the Greek pathologist who independently invented the pap test. For 21 years, Mary Papanikolaou volunteered to have her cervix sampled and smeared by her husband to help with his efforts to create the ...
Although most notable for its use in the detection of cervical cancer in the Pap test or Pap smear, it is also used to stain non-gynecological specimen preparations from a variety of bodily secretions and from small needle biopsies of organs and tissues. [4] [5] Papanicolaou published three formulations of this stain in 1942, 1954, and 1960. [2]
The Pap smear was developed by Georgios Papanikolaou in 1928. [49] A LEEP procedure using a heated loop of platinum to excise a patch of cervical tissue was developed by Aurel Babes in 1927. [50] In some parts of the developed world including the UK, the Pap test has been superseded with liquid-based cytology. [51]
Papanikolaou or Papanicolaou (Greek: Παπανικολάου) is a Greek patronymic surname, meaning "child of Father Nikolaos", used in Greece and Cyprus. It may refer to: People
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George Papanicolaou or Papanikolaou may refer to: Georgios Papanikolaou (1883–1962), Greek pathologist George C. Papanicolaou (born 1943), American mathematician