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A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. [2] It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. [2] It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. [3] It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. [2] Some have crusts or scales. [2]
Skin biopsy from a scaly papule can be diagnostic. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica is an uncommon, idiopathic , acquired dermatosis , characterized by evolving groups of erythematous , scaly papules that may persist for months.
A maculopapular rash is a type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps. It may only appear red in lighter-skinned people. The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps.
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes. [2]
Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
Skin characteristics typical for psoriasis are scaly, erythematous plaques, papules, or patches of skin that may be painful and itch. [18] No special blood tests or diagnostic procedures are usually required to make the diagnosis. [16] [59]
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory disorder which affects the skin and the muscles. [1] Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness over time. [1] These may occur suddenly or develop over months. [1] Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. [1]
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]