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The C++ Standard Library provides base classes unary_function and binary_function to simplify the definition of adaptable unary functions and adaptable binary functions. Adaptable function objects are important, because they can be used by function object adaptors: function objects that transform or manipulate other function objects.
Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allows functions and classes to operate with generic types.This allows a function or class declaration to reference via a generic variable another different class (built-in or newly declared data type) without creating full declaration for each of these different classes.
The variadic template feature of C++ was designed by Douglas Gregor and Jaakko Järvi [1] [2] and was later standardized in C++11. Prior to C++11, templates (classes and functions) could only take a fixed number of arguments, which had to be specified when a template was first declared. C++11 allows template definitions to take an arbitrary ...
When combined with variadic templates, this ability allows for function templates that can perfectly forward arguments to another function that takes those particular arguments. This is most useful for forwarding constructor parameters, to create factory functions that will automatically call the correct constructor for those particular arguments.
C++11 allowed lambda functions to deduce the return type based on the type of the expression given to the return statement. C++14 provides this ability to all functions. It also extends these facilities to lambda functions, allowing return type deduction for functions that are not of the form return expression;.
Since C++20, the keyword template is optional for template parameters of lambda expressions: [ capture ] < template_parameters > ( parameters ) -> return_type { function_body } If the lambda takes no parameters, and no return type or other specifiers are used, the () can be omitted; that is,
C++17 is a version of the ... or an additional helper template function ... Exception specifications were made part of the function type [27] Lambda expressions ...
The curiously recurring template pattern (CRTP) is an idiom, originally in C++, in which a class X derives from a class template instantiation using X itself as a template argument. [1] More generally it is known as F-bound polymorphism , and it is a form of F -bounded quantification .