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The latter became important as most Chinese aluminium was relatively cheap. [145] World output continued growing: in 2018, it was a record 63,600,000 metric tons before falling slightly in 2019. [105] Aluminium is produced in greater quantities than all other non-ferrous metals combined. [146]
Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air.
Chapter 1. The History of Aluminium Before the 19th Century. Historical background of aluminium in ancient times; archeological findings containing aluminium; first historic mentions of aluminium articles; information about 'alum' – compound substances with chemical structures containing aluminium; production technologies alum and areas of their application in the Ancient Times and Middle Ages.
Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
Note that the term aircraft aluminium or aerospace aluminium usually refers to 7075. [65] [66] 4047 aluminium is a unique alloy used in both the aerospace and automotive applications as a cladding alloy or filler material. As filler, aluminium alloy 4047 strips can be combined to intricate applications to bond two metals. [67]
In 2000, the U.S. was the largest producer of primary aluminum. The six remaining smelters in the U.S. now make up a small percentage of global capacity.
Aluminium's ability to form hard yet light alloys with other metals provided the metal many uses at the time. During World War I, major governments demanded large shipments of aluminium for light and strong airframes. While pure metallic titanium (99.9%) was first prepared in 1910 it was not used outside the laboratory until 1932.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the lithosphere at 82,000 ppm. It occurs in low levels, 0.9 ppm, in humans. [1] Aluminum is known to be an ecotoxicant and expected to be a health risk to people. Global primary production (GPP) of aluminum was about 52 million tons in 2013 and remains one of the world's most important metals.