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KOH test on a vaginal wet mount, showing slings of pseudohyphae of Candida albicans surrounded by round vaginal epithelial cells, conferring a diagnosis of candidal vulvovaginitis. The KOH test , also known as a potassium hydroxide preparation or KOH prep , is a quick, inexpensive fungal test to differentiate dermatophytes and Candida albicans ...
Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis.It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. [2]
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to the slide and the sample is examined with a microscope to determine presence of hyphae. [3] Care should be taken in procurement of a sample, as false-negative results may occur if the patient is already using an antifungal, if too small a sample is obtained, or if sample from a wrong site is collected.
Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus.This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test, [6] wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable.
It can be used to diagnose α1-antitrypsin deficiency if periportal liver hepatocytes stain positive. Aggregates of PAS-positive lymphocytes are present in epidermis in Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, called Pautrier microabscesses. Ewing sarcoma; Erythroleukemia, a leukemia of immature red blood cells. These cells stain a bright fuchsia.
Schematic of invasive Aspergillus infection: Hyphae germinate either within an epithelial cell or within the alveoli. Hyphae extend through the epithelial cells, eventually invading and traversing endothelial cells of the vasculature. In rare cases, hyphal fragments break off and disseminate through the blood stream. [11] [14]
Camp agreed that the long-term risk of toasted skin syndrome is the "development of malignancies," like certain cancers, in affected areas due to damaged skin cells.
Dilated blood vessels in the superficial vascular plexus; Mild superficial perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes and occasional neutrophils. There is some exocytosis of inflammatory cells but not as prominent as in nummular dermatitis; Typical findings: [5] Psoriasiform hyperplasia, initially slight, with mild spongiosis