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The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, [a] was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an autonomous state within the Russian Empire .
This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, Finland was again conquered by the armies of Tsar Alexander I.
English: This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, Geographical atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland (Geograficheskii atlas Rossiiskoi imperii, tsarstva Pol'skogo i velikogo kniazhestva Finliandskogo), containing 61 maps of the Russian Empire. Compiled and engraved by ...
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1860, part of Italy afterwards). The term "grand duchy" is of relatively late invention, used at first in Western Europe in 1569 in the case of Tuscany, to denote either territories of a particularly mighty duke or territories of significant importance in political, economical or military matters without being of sufficient size or importance to be recognized ...
As an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russia from 1809 to 1917, Finland retained the Lutheran State Church system, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland was established. After Finland had gained independence in 1917, religious freedom was declared in the constitution of 1919, and a separate law on religious freedom in 1922.
Used in Finland when it was an autonomous grand duchy under the Russian Emperor's influence 1848–1863: Unofficial Civil flag of the Grand Duchy of Finland: The first known "Flag of Finland" was presented in 1848, along with the national anthem Maamme. Its motif was the coat of arms of Finland, surrounded by laurel leaves, on a white flag ...
In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke.
From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the independence movement began to take hold.