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Hubble Space Telescope image of the nebula M1-67 and WR 124 at its center. WR 124 is surrounded by an intensely hot nebula formed from the star's extreme stellar wind. [ 9 ] The nebula M1-67 is expanding at a rate of over 150,000 km/h (93,000 mph) and is nearly 6 light-years across, leading to the dynamical age of 20,000 years.
NGC 7027 has a rich and highly ionized spectrum caused by its hot central star. [7] The progenitor star of NGC 7027 is believed to have been about 3 to 4 times the mass of the Sun before the nebula was formed. [7] It is possible that the central white dwarf of NGC 7027 has an accretion disk that acts as a source of high temperatures. [24]
This hot central star of about 100,000 K has now blown off its outer layers and is making the nebula fluoresce brightly from the emission of its intense ultraviolet radiation. [6] The 16th magnitude star is an A-type main-sequence star of type A2V, and is separated from the white dwarf by at least 1277 au . [ 7 ]
All planetary nebulae form at the end of the life of a star of intermediate mass, about 1-8 solar masses. It is expected that the Sun will form a planetary nebula at the end of its life cycle. [8] They are relatively short-lived phenomena, lasting perhaps a few tens of millennia, compared to considerably longer phases of stellar evolution. [9]
Still other nebulae form as planetary nebulae. This is the final stage of a low-mass star's life, like Earth's Sun. Stars with a mass up to 8–10 solar masses evolve into red giants and slowly lose their outer layers during pulsations in their atmospheres.
R136a1 has a surface temperature of around 46,000 K (45,700 °C; 82,300 °F), eight times as hot as the Sun, and with peak radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. [ 4 ] R136a1 has a B–V index of about 0.03, which is a typical colour for an F-type star .
NASA's Parker Solar Probe is about to make its closest approach to the sun. The spacecraft will fly within 3.8 million miles of the solar surface.
The Boomerang Nebula is a protoplanetary nebula [2] located 5,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Centaurus. It is also known as the Bow Tie Nebula and catalogued as LEDA 3074547. [ 3 ] The nebula's temperature is measured at 1 K (−272.15 °C ; −457.87 °F ) making it the coolest natural place currently known in the Universe .