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View over Skeiðarársandur. Skeiðarársandur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsceiːðarˌauːrˌsantʏr̥]) is an Icelandic glacial outwash plain, a vast expanse of sand generated by the transport of debris by the Skeiðará and other rivers, whose flow is generated by the Skeiðarárjökull glacier and fed by the volcanic systems of Grímsvötn and Öræfajökull.
As it flows, the glacier grinds the underlying rock surface and carries the debris along. The meltwater at the snout of the glacier deposits its load of sediment over the outwash plain, with larger boulders being deposited near the terminal moraine, and smaller particles travelling further before being deposited. Sandurs are common in Iceland ...
Glacial outwash sediment, Knud Rasmussen Glacier, Greenland. An outwash fan is a fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier.Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater, and deposits on the outwash plain, at the terminus of the glacier.
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles , typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained.
The glaciers and ice caps of Iceland covered 11% of the land area of the country, up to about 2008. As of 2019 this was down to 10%. They have a considerable impact on its landscape and meteorology. Glaciers are also contributing to the Icelandic economy, with a tourist market that includes glacier trips on snowmobiles and glacier hiking tours.
[28] [26] Iceland's cold climate slows plant growth, leaving the soil susceptible to the impact of strong winds. [26] Soil erosion, and land degradation in general, decreases biodiversity and the health of the surrounding ecosystems. [26] The government of Iceland and its people have undertaken many soil restoration projects.
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