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As exterior walls, shoji diffuse sunlight into the house; as interior partitions between rooms, they allow natural light deep into the interior. While shoji block wind, they do allow air to diffuse through, [9] important when buildings were heated with charcoal. [5] Like curtains, shoji give visual privacy, [4] [7] but they do not block sounds.
The paper protected the flame from the wind. Burning oil in a stone, metal, or ceramic holder, with a wick of cotton or pith, provided the light. They were usually open on the top and bottom, with one side that could be lifted to provide access. [2] Rapeseed oil was popular. Candles were also used, but their higher price made them less popular.
This design uses a roof-mounted light collector, large-diameter optical fiber, and modified efficient fluorescent lighting fixtures that have transparent rods connected to the optical fiber cables. Essentially no electricity is needed for daytime natural interior lighting.
A Meiji era engawa bearing a resemblance to a veranda, with people for scale.Note the slope of the ground under the engawa, and the traditional stone step. Engawa, with sliding glass doors outside, and yukimi shōji (shōji with both paper and glass panes) inside.
Architectural lighting design is a field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the built environment, both interior and exterior. It can include manipulation and design of both daylight and electric light or both, to serve human needs. [1] [2] Lighting design is based in both science and the visual arts.
See shoji article for limited details. more images: Glass panels Mullioned or single-pane. Often found as sliding doors in two grooves outside the engawa (porch), but inside the ama-do. Also used in interiors. 1800s-~1960 plate glass, ~1960-present with float glass: Maira-do (舞良戸) more images: Plank-and-batten wooden doors
Japanese interior design has a unique aesthetic derived from Shinto, Taoism, Zen Buddhism, world view of wabi-sabi, specific religious figures and the West. This aesthetic has in turn influenced Western style, particularly Modernism .
The patterns are designed to look good, but also to distribute light and wind in a calming and beautiful way. [ 5 ] Traditionally it is made with hand-tools only, but in the western society they have made new techniques to make these kinds of patterns, it involves a table saw, a sharp chisel, and some guides made by yourself, some can be made ...