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The Columbia River Basalt Group (including the Steen and Picture Gorge basalts) extends over portions of four states. The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest, smallest and one of the best-preserved continental flood basalt provinces on Earth, covering over 210,000 km 2 (81,000 sq mi) mainly eastern Oregon and Washington, western Idaho, and part of northern Nevada. [1]
The Columbia Plateau covers much of the Columbia River Basalt Group, shown in green on this map. The Washington cities of Spokane, Yakima and Pasco, and the Oregon city of Pendleton, lie on the Columbia Plateau. The Columbia Plateau is an important geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon ...
The Ringold Formation represents sand and gravel placed by the Columbia River between 9 and 3 million years ago. These deposits overlay cooled lava erupted as part of the Columbia River Basalt Group, a type of volcanic eruption known as flood basalts erupting from fissures across eastern Washington and Oregon that were unrelated to the Cascade Range. [11]
Columbia River Basin. Wallula Gap (/ w ə ˈ l uː l ə /) is a large water gap of the Columbia River in the Northwestern United States, in Southeastern Washington.It cuts through the Horse Heaven Hills basalt anticlines in the Columbia River Basin, just south of the confluence of the Walla Walla and Columbia rivers.
The top exposed layer of Columbia River Basalt Group basalt in the Saddle Mountains is the Saddle Mountain Basalt, which ranges from 120 – 240 meters (400 – 800 feet) in thickness and is interspersed by sedimentary layers of the Ellensburg Formation. The Saddle Mountain Basalt is composed of the Umatilla Member flows, the Wilbur Creek ...
Bathymetric map of the mouth of the Columbia River. With an average flow at the mouth of about 265,000 cu ft/s (7,500 m 3 /s), [4] the Columbia is the largest river by discharge flowing into the Pacific from the Americas [25] and is the fourth-largest by volume in the U.S. [4] The average flow where the river crosses the international border ...
Grand Coulee is a large coulee on the Columbia River Plateau.This area has underlying granite bedrock, formed deep in the Earth's crust 40 to 60 million years ago. The land periodically uplifted and subsided over millions of years giving rise to some small mountains and, eventually, an inland sea.
The total amount of the Columbia flow that is diverted into the CBP at Grand Coulee varies a little from year to year, and is currently about 3.0 million acre-feet. This is about 3.8 percent of the Columbia's average flow as measured at the Grand Coulee dam. [ 10 ]