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Ammonium bicarbonate is produced by combining carbon dioxide and ammonia: CO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O → (NH 4)HCO 3. Since ammonium bicarbonate is thermally unstable, the reaction solution is kept cold, which allows the precipitation of the product as white solid.
Ammonium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [N H 4] 2 C O 3.It is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid.It is composed of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and carbonate anions CO 2− 3.
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) . In heat transfer, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation refers to wavelength-specific radiative emission and absorption by a material body in thermodynamic equilibrium, including radiative exchange equilibrium.
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it.
Pyrolysis is most commonly used in the treatment of organic materials. It is one of the processes involved in the charring of wood [2] or pyrolysis of biomass. In general, pyrolysis of organic substances produces volatile products and leaves char, a carbon-rich solid residue.
In thermochemistry, the enthalpy of solution (heat of solution or enthalpy of solvation) is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution.
For a canonical ensemble that is classical and discrete, the canonical partition function is defined as =, where is the index for the microstates of the system;; is Euler's number;
The volumetric heat capacity of a material is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the volume of the sample. It is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one unit of volume of the material in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temperature.