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The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning object is moving through a fluid. A lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may be deflected in a manner not present when it is not spinning. The strength and direction of the Magnus effect is dependent on the speed and direction of the rotation of the object. [1]
The Magnus effect, depicted with a backspinning cylinder in an airstream. The arrow represents the resulting sideways force that can be used to help propel a ship. The curly flow lines represent a turbulent wake. The airflow is deflected in the direction of spin. A rotor or Flettner ship is designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion. [3]
The Buckau, the first vehicle to be propelled by a Flettner rotor. A Flettner rotor is a smooth cylinder with disc end plates which is spun along its long axis and, as air passes at right angles across it, the Magnus effect causes an aerodynamic force to be generated in the direction perpendicular to both the long axis and the direction of airflow. [1]
The Plymouth A-A-2004 is a rotor aircraft inspired by the Flettner rotor, a type of rotor that uses the Magnus effect to produce lift. Built specifically for Zaparka in 1930 by three anonymous American inventors, this aircraft showcased the innovative use of the Magnus Effect in aviation, leading to successful flights over Long Island Sound.
The rotor comprises a spinning cylinder with circular end plates and, in an aircraft, spins about a spanwise horizontal axis. When the aircraft moves forward, the Magnus effect creates lift. [1] Anton Flettner, after whom the rotor is named, used it successfully as the sails of a rotor ship. He also suggested its use as a wing for a rotor airplane.
The Magnus effect is an observable phenomenon that is commonly associated with a spinning object moving through a fluid. The path of the spinning object is deflected in a manner that is not present when the object is not spinning. The deflection can be explained by the difference in pressure of the fluid on opposite sides of the spinning object.
The rotor cylinder has a height of 24.00 m and a width of 4.00 m. During operation, the cylinder is rotated by shipboard motors and creates thrust from the ambient airflow via the Magnus effect. This form of propulsion was developed and patented by the German engineer Anton Flettner in 1922.
Flettner airplane – Magnus effect test vehicle; Flettner Fl 185 – Gyrodyne; Focke-Wulf F 19 – Multi-engined canard demonstrator; Fokker V.1 – Structures and aerodynamics testbed; Göppingen Gö 8 – Development aircraft for Do 214; Göppingen Gö 9 – Pusher (behind tail) aerodynamic testbed for Dornier Do 335 development