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In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs. Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. [1] [2] The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory.
However the ER graphs do not have two important properties observed in many real-world networks: They do not generate local clustering and triadic closures. Instead, because they have a constant, random, and independent probability of two nodes being connected, ER graphs have a low clustering coefficient. They do not account for the formation ...
The stochastic block model is a generative model for random graphs. This model tends to produce graphs containing communities, subsets of nodes characterized by being connected with one another with particular edge densities. For example, edges may be more common within communities than between communities.
There are two closely related variants of the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. A graph generated by the binomial model of Erdős and Rényi (p = 0.01) In the (,) model, a graph is chosen uniformly at random from the collection of all graphs which have nodes and edges. The nodes are considered to be labeled, meaning that graphs obtained from ...
In the bottom-right graph, smoothed profiles of the previous graphs are rescaled, superimposed and compared with a normal distribution (black curve). Main article: Central limit theorem The central limit theorem states that under certain (fairly common) conditions, the sum of many random variables will have an approximately normal distribution.
A random r-regular graph is a graph selected from ,, which denotes the probability space of all r-regular graphs on vertices, where < and is even. [1] It is therefore a particular kind of random graph , but the regularity restriction significantly alters the properties that will hold, since most graphs are not regular.
In graph theory, a random geometric graph (RGG) is the mathematically simplest spatial network, namely an undirected graph constructed by randomly placing N nodes in some metric space (according to a specified probability distribution) and connecting two nodes by a link if and only if their distance is in a given range, e.g. smaller than a certain neighborhood radius, r.
A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random bits as an auxiliary input to guide its behavior, in the hope of achieving good performance in the "average case" over all possible choices of random determined by the random bits; thus either the running time, or the output (or both) are ...