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Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme involved in the last step of glycolysis.It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP. [1]
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), also known as pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), pyruvate kinase type K, cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein (CTHBP), thyroid hormone-binding protein 1 (THBP1), or opa-interacting protein 3 (OIP3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKM2 gene.
Pyruvate kinase PKLR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKLR gene. [5] [6] The protein encoded by this gene is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the production of pyruvate and ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate. Defects in this enzyme, due to gene mutations or genetic variations, are the common cause of chronic hereditary nonspherocytic ...
Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH 3 COCOO −, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis , converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis , or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA . [ 3 ]
When pyruvate kinase – the enzyme that normally catalyzes the reaction that converts PEP to pyruvate – is knocked out in mutants of Bacillus subtilis, PEPCK participates in one of the replacement anaplerotic reactions, working in the reverse direction of its normal function, converting PEP to OAA. [13]
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The reaction is similar to the reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase, which also converts pyruvate to PEP. [3] However, pyruvate kinase catalyses an irreversible reaction, and does not consume ATP. By contrast, PPDK catalyses a reversible reaction, and consumes 1 molecule of ATP for each molecule of pyruvate converted.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDK3 gene. [5] [6] It codes for an isozyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO 2.