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2. Disinfection by-product - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfection_by-product

   Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are organic and inorganic compounds resulting from chemical reactions between organic and inorganic substances such as contaminates and chemical treatment disinfection agents, respectively, in water during water disinfection processes.

3. Haloacetic acids - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloacetic_acids

   Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a common undesirable by-product of water treatment by chlorination.Exposure to such disinfection by-products in drinking water, at high levels over many years, has been associated with a number of health outcomes by epidemiological studies.

4. Stuart W. Krasner - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_W._Krasner

   Occupation: Environmental Research Chemist: Known for: Determining occurrence, formation, and control of disinfection by-products of health and regulatory concern: Awards: A.P. Black Research Award (2007) American Water Works Association and Dr. Pankaj Parekh Research Innovation Award (2017) Water Research Foundation.

5. Chloronitramide anion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloronitramide_anion

   The identifying paper proposes that the chloronitramide anion is formed through the reaction of chloramine (or dichloramine, which forms in chloramine solution) with NO 2 +, one of its degradation products. The formation of NO 2 + begins when dichloramine (NHCl 2) is hydrolyzed to form nitroxyl (HNO), which then reacts with dissolved oxygen (O ...

6. Monochloramine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramine

   In order to meet EPA-regulated limits on halogenated disinfection by-products, many utilities are switching from chlorination to chloramination. While chloramination produces fewer regulated total halogenated disinfection by-products, it can produce greater concentrations of unregulated iodinated disinfection byproducts and N-nitrosodimethylamine.

7. Iodoacetic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodoacetic_acid

   Iodide is a naturally occurring ion that can be found in many source waters and it is easily oxidized by wastewater disinfectants. One of the products of iodide oxidation is hypoiodous acid or hypoiodite (HOI and OI − respectively) which are capable of reacting with background organic materials to generate iodinated disinfection by-products ...