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Participatory design (originally co-operative design, now often co-design) is an approach to design attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable. Participatory design is an approach which is focused on ...
The practice specialised in co-design, collaborative ways of working with people, groups and organisations that were traditionally excluded from architectural design processes. [1] [5] [20] The type of projects undertaken by the practice also extended beyond the range of standard architectural services, to include design guidance and training ...
In co-productive approaches, citizens are not only consulted, but are part of the conception, design, steering, and ongoing management of services. [2] The concept has a long history, arising out of radical theories of knowledge in the 1970s, and can be applied in a range of sectors across society including health research , and science more ...
The research-based design process is a research process proposed by Teemu Leinonen, [1] [2] inspired by several design theories. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is strongly oriented towards the building of prototypes and it emphasizes creative solutions, exploration of various ideas and design concepts, continuous testing and redesign of the design solutions.
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Co-creation, in the context of a business, refers to a product or service design process in which input from consumers plays a central role from beginning to end. Less specifically, the term is also used for any way in which a business allows consumers to submit ideas, designs or content.
Cooperative design (a.k.a. co-design) which involves designers and users on an equal footing. This is the Scandinavian tradition of design of IT artifacts and it has been evolving since 1970. [8] Participatory design (PD), a North American model inspired by cooperative design, with focus on the participation of users. Since 1990, bi-annual ...
Cooperative inquiry, also known as collaborative inquiry, is a form of action research that was first proposed by John Heron in 1971 and later expanded with Peter Reason. The major idea of cooperative inquiry is to "research 'with' rather than 'on' people".