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India, officially the Republic of India, [j] [21] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area ; the most populous country from June 2023 onwards; [ 22 ] [ 23 ] and since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy.
The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada Rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce ...
India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence led by influential figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Subash Chandra Bose and underwent a violent partition. India (as of April 2023) is the most populous country with over 1.4 billion people , and is also the most populous democracy in the world.
Indian-origin religions Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, [4] are all based on the concepts of dharma and karma. Ahimsa, the philosophy of nonviolence, is an important aspect of native Indian faiths whose most well-known proponent was Shri Mahatma Gandhi, who used civil disobedience to unite India during the Indian independence movement – this philosophy further inspired Martin ...
India's territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline. [7] India has the 18th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,305,143 km 2 (890,021 sq mi). The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range, where the country borders China, Bhutan, and ...
The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950, making India a republic with a president as head of state, replacing the monarch and his viceregal representative, the Governor-General. It was based in large part on the Government of India Act 1935 , which was itself based on the uncodified constitution of the United Kingdom .
In the same year Pondicherry, comprising the former French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé, was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. [5] Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli, declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Map showing the population density in India, per 2011 Census. [99] India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population [100] lived in about 638,000 villages [101] and the remaining 27.8% [100] lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. [102]