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(10 mm Ball, 3000 kg load) Vickers HV (5 kg) Rockwell C HRC (120 degree cone 150 kg) Rockwell B HRB (1/16" ball 100 kg) Leeb HLD [1] 800-72-856 780:
The superficial Rockwell scales use lower loads and shallower impressions on brittle and very thin materials. The 45N scale employs a 45-kgf load on a diamond cone-shaped Brale indenter, and can be used on dense ceramics. The 15T scale employs a 15-kgf load on a 1 ⁄ 16-inch-diameter (1.588 mm) hardened steel ball, and can be used on sheet metal.
It determines hardness through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science . The hardness scale is expressed as the Brinell Hardness Number ( BHN or BH ) and was named for Johan August Brinell , who developed the method in the early 20th century.
Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or microscopic scale. When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates roughly linearly with tensile strength , [ 1 ] but it is an imperfect correlation often limited to small ranges of strength ...
The Vickers test can be used for all metals and has one of the widest scales among hardness tests. The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which uses the same units ...
where: L is the length of indentation along its long axis C p is the correction factor related to the shape of the indenter, ideally 0.070279 P is the load. HK values are typically in the range from 100 to 1000, when specified in the conventional units of kg f ⋅mm −2.
The device used to take this measurement is known as a scleroscope. [3] Two scales that measures rebound hardness are the Leeb rebound hardness test and Bennett hardness scale. Ultrasonic Contact Impedance (UCI) method determines hardness by measuring the frequency of an oscillating rod.
The results are stated in various ways, leading to confusion, especially when the actual units employed are often not attached. The resulting measure is always one of force. In the United States, the measurement is in pounds-force (lbf). In Sweden, it is in kilograms-force (kgf), and in Australia, either in newtons (N) or kilonewtons (kN). This ...