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Astronomers are in general agreement that at least the nine largest candidates are dwarf planets – in rough order of diameter, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, Ceres, Orcus, a considerable uncertainty remains over the tenth largest candidate Salacia, which may thus be considered a borderline case. Of these ten, two have ...
Pluto–Charon, Eris, Haumea, Gonggong, Makemake, Quaoar, and Sedna are either known (Pluto) or strong candidates (the others). Orcus is again just above the threshold by size, though it is bright. There are a number of smaller bodies, estimated to be between 700 and 900 km in diameter, for most of which not enough is known to apply these criteria.
Ceres ⚳ Pallas ⚴ Juno ⚵ ... Pluto ♇ Moons of Pluto. Charon; Haumea. Moons of Haumea; Ring of Haumea; Makemake. Moon of Makemake; Quaoar. Moon of Quaoar; Rings ...
In 2023, Emery et al. wrote that near-infrared spectroscopy by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022 suggests that Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar underwent internal melting, differentiation, and chemical evolution, like the larger dwarf planets Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake, but unlike "all smaller KBOs".
Eris was discovered by the team of Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David Rabinowitz [2] on January 5, 2005, from images taken on October 21, 2003. [31] The discovery was announced on July 29, 2005, the same day as Makemake and two days after Haumea, [32] due in part to events that would later lead to controversy about Haumea.
Haumea has two natural satellites; Orcus, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris have one each. The Pluto–Charon system is unusual in that the center of mass lies in open space between the two, a characteristic sometimes associated with a double-planet system.
Salacia (minor-planet designation: 120347 Salacia) is a large trans-Neptunian object (TNO) in the Kuiper belt, approximately 850 km (530 mi) in diameter.It was discovered on 22 September 2004, by American astronomers Henry Roe, Michael Brown and Kristina Barkume at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.
Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005, by a team at the Palomar Observatory, led by Michael E. Brown, [8] and was announced to the public on July 29, 2005. The team had planned to delay announcing their discoveries of the bright objects Makemake and Eris until further observations and calculations were complete, but announced them both on July 29 when the discovery of another large object ...