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  2. Selection gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_gradient

    The first and most common function to estimate fitness of a trait is linear ω =α +βz, which represents directional selection. [1] [10] The slope of the linear regression line (β) is the selection gradient, ω is the fitness of a trait value z, and α is the y-intercept of the fitness function.

  3. Differential fitness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_Fitness

    Differential fitness is the third of Darwin's four postulates for natural selection. It states that survival and reproduction rates vary between individuals. Fitness differentials are widespread and detectable throughout nature. This fitness differential is visible in several ways, and it can be detected throughout nature.

  4. Fitness landscape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_landscape

    The idea of a fitness landscape is a metaphor to help explain flawed forms in evolution by natural selection, including exploits and glitches in animals like their reactions to supernormal stimuli. The idea of studying evolution by visualizing the distribution of fitness values as a kind of landscape was first introduced by Sewall Wright in ...

  5. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    The concept of fitness is central to natural selection. In broad terms, individuals that are more "fit" have better potential for survival, as in the well-known phrase "survival of the fittest", but the precise meaning of the term is much more subtle. Modern evolutionary theory defines fitness not by how long an organism lives, but by how ...

  6. Selection (evolutionary algorithm) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_(evolutionary...

    In addition, selection mechanisms are also used to choose candidate solutions (individuals) for the next generation. The biological model is natural selection. Retaining the best individual(s) of one generation unchanged in the next generation is called elitism or elitist selection. It is a successful (slight) variant of the general process of ...

  7. Fitness (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_(biology)

    The absolute fitness of a genotype is defined as the proportional change in the abundance of that genotype over one generation attributable to selection. For example, if n ( t ) {\displaystyle n(t)} is the abundance of a genotype in generation t {\displaystyle t} in an infinitely large population (so that there is no genetic drift ), and ...

  8. Mat (gymnastics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_(gymnastics)

    Generally, mats used for gymnasiums and gymnastics mats come in 2-foot-wide panels, which is why many in the industry call them folding panel mats or folding mats. The 2-foot-wide panels allow for ease in both setup and clean up when using the mats to become the perfect compact size for storage.

  9. Evolutionary game theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory

    The highest fitness payoff for the kin group is selected by natural selection. Therefore, strategies that include self-sacrifice on the part of individuals are often game winners – the evolutionarily stable strategy. Animals must live in kin-groups during part of the game for the opportunity for this altruistic sacrifice ever to take place.