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Duwa, the ruler of the Mongol Chagatai Khan in Central Asia, had dispatched multiple expeditions to India before 1306. Alauddin Khalji, the ruler of Delhi Sultanate of India, had taken several measures against these invasions.
The number of 150,000 Mongol invaders during 1292 opposed by Jalaluddin were also recorded in Wolseley Haig's work of The Cambridge History of India. [11] A count of the Mongol commanders named in the sources as participating in the various invasions might give a better indication of the numbers involved, as these commanders probably led tumens ...
In 1306, another Mongol army sent by Duwa advanced up to the Ravi River, ransacking the territories along the way. Alauddin's forces, led by Malik Kafur, decisively defeated the Mongols. [59] Duwa died next year, and after that the Mongols did not launch any further expeditions to India during Alauddin's reign.
Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces invade the Delhi Sultanate, Sultan Alauddin Khalji sends an army under Malik Kafur to deal with the invaders and defeats them at the banks of the Ravi River. The Delhi army kills and captures many Mongols in their pursuit. Alauddin orders the survivors to be trampled under the feet of elephants. [23] [24]
Khutulun (c. 1260 – c. 1306), also known as Aigiarne, [1] Aiyurug, Khotol Tsagaan or Ay Yaruq [2] (lit. ' Moonlight ') [1] was a Mongol noblewoman, the most famous daughter of Kaidu, a cousin of Kublai Khan. Both Marco Polo [1] and Rashid al-Din Hamadani wrote accounts of their encounters with her.
The Mongols, led by Qutlugh Khwaja, invaded India, intending to conquer Delhi. When they encamped at Kili near Delhi, the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji led an army to check their advance. Alauddin's general Zafar Khan attacked a Mongol unit led by Hijlak without Alauddin's permission. The Mongols tricked Zafar Khan into following them away from ...
This army faced the Mongols somewhere in present-day Amroha district on 20 December 1305. [7] The Mongols launched one or two weak attacks on the Delhi army. In the words of the Delhi chronicler Amir Khusrau, they were "like an army of mosquitoes which tries to move against a strong wind". The Delhi army inflicted a crushing defeat upon the ...
These Mongol converts were called New Muslims (or Neo-Muslims), and by 1311, more than 10,000 of them lived in the capital Delhi alone. [2] Several of them served in the Delhi army, and during the 1299 Gujarat campaign of Jalaluddin's successor Alauddin, some of them had staged an unsuccessful mutiny . [ 3 ]