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Gallium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, [ 13 ] gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group ( aluminium , indium , and thallium ).
The shorter-lived gallium-68 (half-life 68 minutes) is a positron-emitting isotope generated in very small quantities from germanium-68 in gallium-68 generators or in much greater quantities by proton bombardment of 68 Zn in low-energy medical cyclotrons, [4] [5] for use in a small minority of diagnostic PET scans.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.. Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows.
Gallium compounds are compounds containing the element gallium. These compounds are found primarily in the +3 oxidation state . The +1 oxidation state is also found in some compounds, although it is less common than it is for gallium's heavier congeners indium and thallium .
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...
Because germanium and gallium arsenide have nearly identical lattice constant, germanium substrates can be used to make gallium-arsenide solar cells. [80] Germanium is the substrate of the wafers for high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic cells for space applications, such as the Mars Exploration Rovers , which use triple-junction gallium ...
Gallium is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust and is not found in as many minerals as its lighter homologues. Its abundance on the Earth is a mere 0.0018% (18 ppm). [41] Its production is very low compared to other elements, but has increased greatly over the years as extraction methods have improved.