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Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman Empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly ...
"Luwian" is an exonym first used by the Hittites as an "ethno-linguistic term referring to the area where Luwian was spoken" [1] in Bronze Age Anatolia. It has been suggested that the name is a foreign ethnic designation ( Assyrian ) borrowed from another foreign ethnic designation ( Hurrian ) - nuwā-um . [ 2 ]
Šanta (Santa) was a god worshiped in Bronze Age Anatolia by Luwians and Hittites.It is presumed that he was regarded as a warlike deity, and that he could additionally be associated with plagues and possibly with the underworld, though the latter proposal is not universally accepted.
In the Iron Age, she nonetheless became the main goddess in the Luwian pantheon. [15] Possibly in the aftermath of the fall of the Hittite Empire, Hurrian and Luwian traditions mixed, leading to the formation of the late form of the Luwian pantheon, which included her. [72] She continued to be worshiped in Carchemish. [73]
Wasusarmas (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔓬𔖢𔑙𔒅𔗔 , romanized: Wassu-Sarrumas [5] [3] [6] [7]) was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tabal proper in the broader Tabalian region who reigned during the mid-8th century BC, from around c. 740 BC to c. 730 BC. [11] [10] Name and title of Wasusarma (top line from the right)
From this kingdom he was introduced to the Hittite pantheon as well. Hittite influence in turn resulted in his introduction to cities such as Aleppo, Emar and Ugarit. He was also venerated in Luwian religion in the first millennium BCE, with theophoric names invoking him attested from as late as the Hellenistic period in Cilicia and Lycia.
A Luwian innovation is the idea of the weather god of the vineyard. [21] He is first attested in a southern Anatolian vineyard ritual from the 16th century BC, in which he is called upon to make the royal vineyard thrive, along with the goddess Mamma and other divine couples, like Runtiya and Ala or Telipinu and Maliya .
While according to Piotr Taracha it is incorrect to assume a single Luwian pantheon existed, some deities, including her, as well as the likes of Kamrušepa, Tarhunt, Tiwad, Arma, Iyarri and Šanta were nonetheless worshiped by all Luwian communities. [38] She is best attested in texts from the south of Anatolia. [16]