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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
Hydrogen peroxide is not nearly as reactive as these species, but is readily activated and is thus included. [3] Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide are reactive oxygen-containing species as well. Hydroxyl radical ( HO· ) is generated by Fenton reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous compounds and related reducing agents:
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Skeletal formulae of 1-hydroxy-2()-pyridinethione and its tautomer. The hydroxyl radical, • HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO –).Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry.
Hydrogen peroxide works best as a propellant in extremely high concentrations (roughly over 70%). Although any concentration of peroxide will generate some hot gas (oxygen plus some steam), at concentrations above approximately 67%, the heat of decomposing hydrogen peroxide becomes large enough to completely vaporize all the liquid at standard pressure.
The hydrogen peroxide is then oxidatively coupled with a chromogen to produce a colored compound which may be measured spectroscopically. For example, hydrogen peroxide together with 4 amino-antipyrene (4-AAP) and phenol in the presence of peroxidase yield a red quinoeimine dye that can be measured at 505 nm. The absorbance at 505 nm is ...
Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as bleaching and "maturing" agents for treating flour to make its grain release gluten more easily; the alternative is letting the flour slowly oxidize by air, which is too slow for the industrialized era. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating most forms of acne.
Together with its conjugate base superoxide, hydroperoxyl is an important reactive oxygen species.Unlike • O − 2, which has reducing properties, HO • 2 can act as an oxidant in a number of biologically important reactions, such as the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from tocopherol and polyunstaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer.