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It is the path that intellectually oriented people tend to prefer. [30] The chapter 4 of the Bhagavad Gita is dedicated to the general exposition of Jnana yoga, while chapters 7 and 16 discuss its theological and axiological aspects. [31] [32] [33] Krishna says that jñāna is the purest, and a discovery of one's Atman:
In summary, the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, Samkhya Yoga, is a profound discourse on the nature of the self, the importance of selfless action, and the path to spiritual enlightenment. Krishna teaches Arjuna to transcend the dualities of life, cultivate detachment, and embrace a disciplined and balanced approach to challenges.
The systematic presentation of Hindu monotheism as divided into these four paths or "Yogas" is modern, advocated by Swami Vivekananda from the 1890s in his book Raja Yoga. [3] [4] They are presented as four paths to God suitable for four human temperaments, viz. the active, the emotional, the philosophical and the mystic. [5]
Various schools of Hinduism also explain the concept as presence of the state of paripurna-brahmanubhava (the experience of oneness with Brahman, the One Supreme Self), a state of knowledge, peace and bliss. [17] For example, Vivekachudamani – an ancient book on moksha, explains one of many meditative steps on the path to moksha, as:
Traditionally in some Hindu and Buddhist traditions in order to embark on a specific path of sādhanā, a guru may be required to give the necessary instructions. This approach is typified by some Tantric traditions, in which initiation by a guru is sometimes identified as a specific stage of sādhanā. [ 9 ]
There are four [groups of noble disciples] when path and fruit are taken as pairs, and eight groups of individuals, when each path and fruit are taken separately: (1) the path to stream-entry; (2) the fruition of stream-entry; (3) the path to once-returning; (4) the fruition of once-returning;
[2] [3] [4] To a karma yogi, right action is a form of prayer. [5] The paths are not mutually exclusive in Hinduism, but the relative emphasis between Karma yoga, Jnana yoga and Bhakti yoga varies by the individual. [6] Of the classical paths to spiritual liberation in Hinduism, karma yoga is the path of unselfish action.
The second chapter of the Upanishad opens with Maitreya meeting god Shiva in mount Kailasha, and asking him about the knowledge of highest reality. [11] He requests Him to enlighten him on the secrets of Tattva. [4] Shiva explains to him stating that the human body is a shrine with Jiva imbibed in it representing Him alone. [4]