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The CSF/serum glucose ratio, also known as CSF/blood glucose ratio, is a measurement used to compare CSF glucose and blood sugar. Because many bacteria metabolize glucose, and because the blood–brain barrier minimizes transversal, the ratio can be useful in determining whether there is a bacterial infection in the CSF. The normal ratio is 0.6 ...
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
However, elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) result in elevated CSF glucose levels [3] as the CSF glucose level is proportional to the blood glucose level with glucose being actively transported as well as simply diffusing down the concentration gradient from blood to CSF. In addition, damage to small blood vessels during lumbar ...
Osmolality of blood increases with dehydration and decreases with overhydration. In normal people, increased osmolality in the blood will stimulate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This will result in increased water reabsorption, more concentrated urine, and less concentrated blood plasma. A low serum osmolality will suppress the ...
Apples. The original source of sweetness for many of the early settlers in the United States, the sugar from an apple comes with a healthy dose of fiber.
A diet program that manages the glycemic load aims to avoid sustained blood-sugar spikes and can help avoid onset of type 2 diabetes. [6] For diabetics, glycemic load is a highly recommended tool for managing blood sugar. [citation needed] The data on GI and GL listed in this article is from the University of Sydney (Human Nutrition Unit) GI ...
Glycated hemoglobin testing is recommended for both checking the blood sugar control in people who might be prediabetic and monitoring blood sugar control in patients with more elevated levels, termed diabetes mellitus. For a single blood sample, it provides far more revealing information on glycemic behavior than a fasting blood sugar value.
Using the fact that each gram of hemoglobin can carry 1.34 mL of O2, the oxygen content of the blood (either arterial or venous) can be estimated by the following formula: = [] ( /) + PO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen and reflects the amount of oxygen gas dissolved in the blood. The term 0.0032 * P02 in the equation is very small and ...