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Tail vibration is distinct from caudal luring, where the tail is twitched in order to attract prey. While rattlesnakes are perhaps the most famous group of snakes to exhibit tail vibration behavior, many other snake groups—particularly those in the Colubridae and Viperidae families—are known to vibrate their tails.
Vibration (from Latin vibrāre 'to shake') is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.Vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely (e.g. the periodic motion of a pendulum), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically (e.g. the movement of a tire on a gravel road).
A white-tailed deer's tail. The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso. In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous ...
Adults of P. obsoletus can become quite large, with a reported typical total length (including tail) of 106.5–183 cm (3 ft 6 in – 6 ft 0 in). [8] [9] It is the largest snake found in Canada. The record total length is 256.5 cm (8 ft 5 in), [10] making it (officially) the longest snake in North America. [9]
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The tail vertebrae are comparatively few in number (often less than 20% of the total) and lack ribs. The vertebrae have projections that allow for strong muscle attachment, enabling locomotion without limbs. [citation needed] Caudal autotomy (self-amputation of the tail), a feature found in some lizards, is absent in most snakes. [72]
Common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) shown drummingDrumming (also called bleating or winnowing) is a sound produced by snipe as part of their courtship display flights. [1] The sound is produced mechanically (rather than vocally) by the vibration of the outer tail feathers when flying in a downwards, swooping motion.
An immobile tail does not attract prey, confirming that it is the moving lure that tricks and attracts prey. [11] Caudal luring behavior is only elicited when prey are nearby. [11] Due to the tail resembling a writhing caterpillar and another worm-like insect larvae, the tail of the snake is often referred to as a vermiform. [2]