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  2. Logical spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_spreadsheet

    A logical spreadsheet is a spreadsheet in which formulas take the form of logical constraints rather than function definitions.. In traditional spreadsheet systems, such as Excel, cells are partitioned into "directly specified" cells and "computed" cells and the formulas used to specify the values of computed cells are "functional", i.e. for every combination of values of the directly ...

  3. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cell may contain data or a formula, with relative or absolute references to other cells. Excel 2.0 for ...

  4. Copy-on-write - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write

    Copy-on-write (COW), also called implicit sharing [1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique [3] used in programming to manage shared data efficiently. Instead of copying data right away when multiple programs use it, the same data is shared between programs until one tries to modify it.

  5. Record locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_locking

    not hold the lock across system or function calls where the entity is no longer running on the processor – this can lead to deadlock; ensure that if the entity is unexpectedly exited for any reason, the lock is freed. Non-holders of the lock (a.k.a. waiters) can be held in a list that is serviced in a round-robin fashion, or in a FIFO queue ...

  6. Box-drawing characters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box-drawing_characters

    A character cell is divided in 2×3 regions, and 2 6 = 64 code positions are allocated for all possible combinations of pixels. [4] These characters were added to the Unicode standard in Version 13. [5]

  7. Data and information visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_and_information...

    cluster heat map: where magnitudes are laid out into a matrix of fixed cell size whose rows and columns are categorical data. For example, the graph to the right. spatial heat map: where no matrix of fixed cell size for example a heat-map. For example, a heat map showing population densities displayed on a geographical map; Stripe graphic ...

  8. Optimistic concurrency control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

    If locking is used, other users who attempt to edit the same record must wait until the first user's lock times out. HTTP does provide a form of built-in OCC. The response to an initial GET request can include an ETag for subsequent PUT requests to use in the If-Match header.

  9. Knuth's Algorithm X - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth's_Algorithm_X

    The goal is to select a subset of the rows such that the digit 1 appears in each column exactly once. Algorithm X works as follows: If the matrix A has no columns, the current partial solution is a valid solution; terminate successfully. Otherwise choose a column c (deterministically). Choose a row r such that A r, c = 1 (nondeterministically).