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The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly. It was long thought to be a Batesian mimic of the monarch butterfly, but since the viceroy is also distasteful to predators, it is now considered a Müllerian mimic instead. The viceroy was named the state butterfly of Kentucky in 1990. [3]
Viceroy butterflies and monarchs (types of admiral butterfly) are both poisonous Müllerian mimics, though they were long thought to be Batesian. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of admiral butterflies shows that the viceroy is the basal lineage of two western sister species in North America. The variation in wing patterns appears to have preceded ...
Bird: Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis: The male cardinal is bright red and the female is brown and dull red. They live in Kentucky year-round. 1926 [9] Butterfly: Viceroy butterfly Limenitis archippus: Viceroys are a Müllerian mimic to the monarchs which birds avoid eating because they are toxic and distasteful. The butterfly is usually found ...
Some feed on more toxic plants and store these toxins within themselves. The more palatable caterpillars thus profit from the more toxic members of the same species. [14] [16] Another important form of protective mimicry is Müllerian mimicry, discovered by and named after the naturalist Fritz Müller.
Limenitis arthemis, the red-spotted purple or white admiral, is a North American butterfly species in the cosmopolitan genus Limenitis.It has been studied for its evolution of mimicry, and for the several stable hybrid wing patterns within this nominal species; it is one of the most dramatic examples of hybridization between non-mimetic and mimetic populations.
Wing scales. Male and female. Upperside. Ground-colour reddish-ochreous, basal areas olivescent-ochreous-brown; cilia black, alternated with white, Forewing with an outwardly-oblique black irregular-shaped broken band crossing from middle of the cell to the disc above the submedian vein; the apical area from end of cell and the exterior border also black; before the apex is a short white ...
Viceroy butterfly (state butterfly) Limenitis archippus: 1990 [22] Louisiana: European honey bee (state insect) Apis mellifera: 1977 [23] Gulf fritillary (state butterfly) Dione vanillae: 2022 [24] Maine: European honey bee (state insect) Apis mellifera: 1975 [25] Pink-edged Sulphur (state butterfly) Colias interior: 2023 [26] Maryland ...
The scales on butterfly wings are pigmented with melanins that can produce the colours black and brown. The white colour in the butterfly family Pieridae is a derivative of uric acid, an excretory product. [13] [40]: 84 Bright blues, greens, reds, and iridescence are usually created not by pigments but through the microstructure of the scales.