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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
The distal veins are removed following the complete ablation of the proximal vein. This treatment is most commonly used for varicose veins off of the great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, and pudendal veins. [60] Follow-up treatment to smaller branch varicose veins is often needed in the weeks or months after the initial procedure.
Telangiectasia in the legs is often related to the presence of venous reflux within underlying varicose veins. Flow abnormalities in smaller veins known as reticular veins or feeder veins under the skin can also cause spider veins to form, thereby making a recurrence of spider veins in the treated area less likely.
These symptoms may include peripheral edema (swelling of the legs, in general, of the "pitting" variety, wherein the skin is slow to return to normal when pressed upon due to fluid), raised jugular venous pressure and hepatomegaly, where the liver is excessively enlarged and may be tender or even pulsatile.
However, there are two exceptions: firstly, the GSV collaterals (the veins that run parallel) drain the abdominal wall and have a flow from top to bottom so that, when an examiner tests the saphenofemoral junction, a false-positive diagnosis might be made; secondly, in the flow from the sole of the foot venous network, around 10% drains to the ...
Diagnosis is generally based on signs and symptoms, with testing used to rule out other potential causes. [2] An accurate diagnosis and staging may help with management. [2] A swollen limb can result from different conditions that require different treatments. Diagnosis of lymphedema is currently based on history, physical exam, and limb ...
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