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Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.
Candidatus Microthrix, identified in more than one EBPR activated sludge source, is a filamentous bacteria suspected to be responsible for phosphate removal during the bulking phase of EBPR, where other PAOs decrease in abundance. [28]
A Texas county has launched a first-of-its-kind criminal investigation into waste management giant Synagro over PFAS-contaminated sewage sludge it is selling to Texas farmers as a cheap alternative to fertilizer. [15] As of 2023, 11% of sludge produced in the EU was disposed of in landfills. [16]
One type of system that combines secondary treatment and settlement is the cyclic activated sludge (CASSBR), or sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Typically, activated sludge is mixed with raw incoming sewage, and then mixed and aerated. The settled sludge is run off and re-aerated before a proportion is returned to the headworks. [19]
The tube on the left shows typical floc formations in an otherwise clear culture of a bacterium, Zoogloea resiniphila, isolated from an activated sludge wastewater treatment reactor. In the tube on the right, planktonic growth by a floc-impaired mutant results in a turbid appearance.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sewage treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate. [1]The common element in EBPR implementations is the presence of an anaerobic tank (nitrate and oxygen are absent) prior to the aeration tank.
Sewage treatment plants mix these organisms as activated sludge or circulate water past organisms living on trickling filters or rotating biological contactors. [5] Aquatic vegetation may provide similar surface habitat for purifying bacteria, protozoa, and rotifers in a pond or marsh setting; although water circulation is often less effective.
Aerobic digestion is a process in sewage treatment designed to reduce the volume of sewage sludge and make it suitable [1] for subsequent use. [2] More recently, technology has been developed that allows the treatment and reduction of other [3] organic waste, such as food, cardboard and horticultural waste.