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Keratoconus (KC) is a disorder of the eye that results in progressive thinning of the cornea. [3] The protrusion of the cornea may result in blurry vision, double vision, nearsightedness, irregular astigmatism, [4] and light sensitivity leading to poor quality-of-life. [3] [5] [6] Usually both eyes are affected. [3]
Keratoconus, a progressive, noninflammatory, bilateral, asymmetric disease, characterized by paraxial stromal thinning and weakening that leads to corneal surface distortion. [ 2 ] Keratoglobus , a rare noninflammatory corneal thinning disorder, characterised by generalised thinning and globular protrusion of the cornea.
Keratoconus, a progressive thinning of the cornea, is a common corneal disorder. Keratoconus occurring after refractive surgery is called Corneal Ectasia. It is believed that additional thinning of the cornea via refractive surgery may contribute to advancement of the disease [31] that may lead to the need for a corneal transplant.
Also, the alignment of the measurement can be difficult, especially with eyes that have keratoconus, a significant astigmatism, or sometimes after refractive surgery. Corneal topography instruments generate a measurement called simulated keratometry (SimK), which approximates the classic measurement of the widely used keratometer .
Abnormal corneal topography compromises of keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, or forme fruste keratoconus with an I-S value of 1.4 or more [4] is the most significant risk factor. Low age, low residual stromal bed (RSB) thickness, low preoperative corneal thickness, and high myopia are other important risk factors.
They are now mostly used to treat mild to moderate keratoconus. [1] Intrastromal corneal rings were approved in 2004 by the Food and Drug Administration for people with keratoconus who cannot adequately correct their vision with glasses or contact lenses, and for whom corneal transplant is the only other option. [ 5 ]
Beginning in 1936, Japanese ophthalmologist Tsutomu Sato conducted research in anterior and posterior keratotomy, an early form of refractive surgery that attempted to treat keratoconus, myopia and astigmatism by making incisions in the cornea. [20] Enhanced flattening was noted with longer and deeper incisions.
Keratoconjunctivitis is frequently caused by viral infections in and around the eyes. A particularly common cause of this is the herpes simplex virus.In some people, the infection may become chronic and keratoconjunctivitis may present during flare-ups of variable frequency.