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The center began as the Radiation Shielding Information Center (RSIC) in 1962, but was renamed to RSICC in August 1996 to better reflect the scope of computer code technology at the center (i.e., radiation transport and safety). The RSICC staff maintain an online software catalog at their website, which site visitors may browse (though no ...
A year after Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, the American engineer Wolfram Fuchs gave what was probably the first radiation protection advice, but many early users of X-rays were initially unaware of the hazards and protection was rudimentary or non-existent. [11] The dangers of radioactivity and radiation were not immediately recognized.
As ICMEs propagate through the interplanetary medium, they may collide with other ICMEs in what is referred to as CME–CME interaction or CME cannibalism. [9]: 599 During such CME-CME interactions, the first CME may clear the way for the second one [26] [27] [28] and/or when two CMEs collide [29] [30] it can lead to more severe impacts on ...
[8] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No plane-parallel free CMFGEN: Hillier (2020) [9] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes line-by-line Yes Yes 1D CRM: No Yes Yes Yes No No band Yes No freely available Part of NCAR Community Climate Model CRTM: Johnson et al. (2023) [10] v3.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes passive, active band Yes v3.0, UV/VIS 1D, Plane-Parallel Public Domain
The term 'biological shield' is used for absorbing material placed around a nuclear reactor, or other source of radiation, to reduce the radiation to a level safe for humans. The shielding materials are concrete and lead shield which is 0.25 mm thick for secondary radiation and 0.5 mm thick for primary radiation [8]
The Monte Carlo method for radiation particle transport has its origins at LANL dates back to 1946. [3] The creators of these methods were Stanislaw Ulam, John von Neumann, Robert Richtmyer, and Nicholas Metropolis. [4] Monte Carlo for radiation transport was conceived by Stanislaw Ulam in 1946 while playing Solitaire while recovering from an ...
The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver energy, generally in the form of ionizing radiation, to cancerous tissue while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Monte Carlo modeling is commonly employed in radiation therapy to determine the peripheral dose the patient will experience due to scattering, both from the patient tissue as well as scattering from collimation upstream in the linear ...
Radiation is a moving form of energy, classified into ionizing and non-ionizing type. [4] Ionizing radiation is further categorized into electromagnetic radiation (without matter) and particulate radiation (with matter). [4] Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, which can be thought of as energy packets, traveling in the form of a wave ...