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By contrast, ideas may be regarded as pseudoscientific because they have remained unaltered despite contradictory evidence. The work Scientists Confront Velikovsky (1976) Cornell University, also delves into these features in some detail, as does the work of Thomas Kuhn , e.g.,
The pseudoscientific ideas of Lysenkoism built on Lamarckian concepts of the heritability of acquired characteristics. [45] Lysenko's theory rejected Mendelian inheritance and the concept of the "gene"; it departed from Darwinian evolutionary theory by rejecting natural selection, viewing that concept as being incompatible with Marxist ideology.
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method. [Note 1] Pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or unfalsifiable claims; reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation; lack of openness to evaluation by other experts; absence of ...
The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while it does not meet the criteria to properly be called such. [1] [2] Distinguishing between proper science and pseudoscience is sometimes difficult.
Antiscience is a set of attitudes and a form of anti-intellectualism that involves a rejection of science and the scientific method. [1] People holding antiscientific views do not accept science as an objective method that can generate universal knowledge.
Fringe theory – Idea which departs from accepted scholarship in the field; Homeopathy – Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine; Journal of Scientific Exploration – American body to study fringe science; Junk science – Scientific data considered to be spurious or fraudulent
The skeptical movement (British spelling: sceptical movement) is a contemporary social movement based on the idea of scientific skepticism. The movement has the goal of investigating claims made on fringe topics and determining whether they are supported by empirical research and are reproducible , as part of a methodological norm pursuing "the ...
There is admittedly the demarcation problem, but this category comprises well-known topics that are generally considered pseudoscientific by the scientific community (such as astrology) and topics that have very few followers and are obviously pseudoscientific (such as the modern belief in a flat Earth).