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Losartan is excreted in the urine, and in the feces via bile, as unchanged drug and metabolites. [44] About 4% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in urine, and about 6% is excreted in urine as the active metabolite. [44] The terminal elimination half-lives of losartan and EXP3174 are about 1.5 to 2.5 hours and 3 to 9 hours, respectively. [44]
Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hyzaar among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure when losartan is not sufficient. [1] [2] It consists of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker; and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] [2]
Losartan, the first ARB. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) antagonists, [1] also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, [2] [3] angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT 1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and ...
Structural formula of the potassium-sparing diuretics. Click to enlarge. Potassium-sparing diuretics or antikaliuretics [1] refer to drugs that cause diuresis without causing potassium loss in the urine. [2] They are typically used as an adjunct in management of hypertension, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure. [3]
ATC code C03 Diuretics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
The thiazide diuretics also deplete circulating potassium unless combined with a potassium-sparing diuretic or supplemental potassium. Some authors have challenged thiazides as first line treatment. [55] [56] [57] However, as the Merck Manual of Geriatrics notes, "thiazide-type diuretics are especially safe and effective in the elderly." [58]
The thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics are considered to be calcium-sparing diuretics. [6] The thiazides cause a net decrease in calcium lost in urine. [7] The potassium-sparing diuretics cause a net increase in calcium lost in urine, but the increase is much smaller than the increase associated with other diuretic classes. [7]
Loop diuretics are 90% bonded to proteins and are secreted into the proximal convoluted tubule through organic anion transporter 1 (OAT-1), OAT-2, and ABCC4.Loop diuretics act on the Na +-K +-2Cl − symporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium, chloride and potassium reabsorption.