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The first MPR nozzles, the MP Rotator, were produced by Nelson Irrigation in 2003, and acquired by Hunter Industries in 2007. [4] [5] [6] Since then the popularity of these highly uniform yet low application sprinklers has caused every major sprinkler manufacturer to produce their own version of an MPR sprinkler, including Rain Bird [7] and Toro.
Irrigation scheduling is the process used by irrigation system managers to determine the correct frequency and duration of watering. The following factors may be taken into consideration: Precipitation rate of the irrigation equipment – how quickly the water is applied, often expressed in inches or mm per hour.
Distribution uniformity may be helpful as a starting point for irrigation scheduling. For example, an irrigator might want to apply not less than one inch of water to the area being watered. If the DU were 75% (0.75), then the total amount to be applied would be the desired amount of water, divided by the DU.
The Blaney–Criddle equation is a relatively simplistic method for calculating evapotranspiration.When sufficient meteorological data is available the Penman–Monteith equation is usually preferred.
The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils.It is an indicator of the suitability of water for use in agricultural irrigation, as determined from the concentrations of the main alkaline and earth alkaline cations present in the water.
This usually occurs two to three days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. The nominal definition of field capacity (expressed symbolically as θ fc ) is the bulk water content retained in soil at −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure .