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Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
Dividing by a matrix means, more precisely, multiplying by its inverse. Not all matrices have inverses. [29] For example, a matrix containing only zeros is not invertible. One can define a pseudo-division, by setting a/b = ab +, in which b + represents the pseudoinverse of b. It can be proven that if b −1 exists, then b + = b −1. If b ...
A matrix whose entries are all either 0 or 1. Synonym for (0,1)-matrix or logical matrix. [1] Bisymmetric matrix: A square matrix that is symmetric with respect to its main diagonal and its main cross-diagonal. Block-diagonal matrix: A block matrix with entries only on the diagonal. Block matrix: A matrix partitioned in sub-matrices called blocks.
For example, if A is a 3-by-0 matrix and B is a 0-by-3 matrix, then AB is the 3-by-3 zero matrix corresponding to the null map from a 3-dimensional space V to itself, while BA is a 0-by-0 matrix. There is no common notation for empty matrices, but most computer algebra systems allow creating and computing with them.
Because matrix multiplication is not commutative, one can also define a left division or so-called backslash-division as A \ B = A −1 B. For this to be well defined, B −1 need not exist, however A −1 does need to exist. To avoid confusion, division as defined by A / B = AB −1 is sometimes called right division or slash-division in this ...
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
In the division of 43 by 5, we have: 43 = 8 × 5 + 3, so 3 is the least positive remainder. We also have that: 43 = 9 × 5 − 2, and −2 is the least absolute remainder.