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China's Reserve Requirement Ratio for large banks. China's banking sector had CN¥417 trillion (US$58.54 trillion) in assets at the end of 2023. [1]The "Big Four" state-owned commercial banks are the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and the Agricultural Bank of China, all of which are among the largest banks in the world as of 2018.
The central bank of the People's Republic of China is the People's Bank of China, a component of the State Council, the Central Government of China. The People's Bank of China is mainly responsible for issuing the Renminbi and administering its circulation, in addition to formulating and implementing monetary policy in accordance with Chinese ...
The People's Bank of China is the largest shareholder with 16 percent of equity; others include the NAFMII, UnionPay, and the large state-owned Chinese banks. [citation needed] Foreign shareholders include HSBC, Standard Chartered, Bank of East Asia, DBS Bank, Citigroup, ANZ Banking Group, and BNP Paribas. [16]
Hong Kong has adopted a voluntary approach to open banking, with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) encouraging the use of open APIs in the banking industry. The HKMA's Open API Framework recommends minimum security standards and architecture, but banks have the flexibility to choose their implementation methods. [23]
In 1979, China initiated a transition from that single-tier banking system to a two-tier system, which was largely completed by 1984. [11]: 188–189 In March 1979, as part of the Chinese economic reforms, the State Council split off state-owned banks from the PBC, first the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) and the Bank of China (BOC).
The NFRA was established on 10 March 2023 to replace the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC), also taking over some roles from the People's Bank of China (PBC) and the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). On May 10, 2023, Li Yunze was appointed as the Chinese Communist Party committee secretary of the NFRA. [1]
Rishengchang, the first draft bank in China Royal inscribed board, saying "Financial exchange all over the world", in Rishengchang, Pingyao. An early Chinese banking institution was called the draft bank or piaohao (票号) in Chinese, also known as Shanxi banks because they were owned primarily by Shanxi merchants.
In 1917, Tsuyee Pei opened the branch of the Bank of China in Hong Kong. [13] [14] In 1928, the bank moved its head office from Beijing to Shanghai. In 1920, the bank opened the Investigative Office of the Bank of China. [15] The Investigative Office was the earliest research body in China's banking sector. [15]