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Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points.
5.4A: Overview of Vacuum Distillation. Boiling commences when the vapor pressure of a liquid or solution equals the external or applied pressure (often atmospheric pressure). Thus, if the applied pressure is reduced, the boiling point of the liquid decreases.
Vacuum distillation is a type of distillation in which the distillation process is carried out at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. As we lower the operating pressure, the boiling point of solvents is reduced hence energy consumption to boil the component reduces.
Vacuum Distillation Procedure. A vacuum distillation apparatus is shown in Figure 5.50, using a simple distillation setup. A fraction distillation can also be used. It is assumed that readers have previously performed a simple distillation under atmospheric pressure, so in this section are described differences between atmospheric and reduced ...
A vacuum distillation is performed by applying a vacuum source to the vacuum adapter of either a simple or fractional distillation (Figure 5.48). When the pressure is lowered inside the apparatus, solutions boil at a lower temperature.
The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation (commonly called atmospheric distillation to distinguish it from the vacuum method), except that larger-diameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapour velocities at reduced operating pressures.
What is vacuum distillation? Vacuum distillation is a technique for the purification or separation of liquids or solvents with a boiling point above 150 ºC, or with a lower boiling point but which are thermally unstable.
The so-called vacuum distillation is the process applied when the pressure above the liquid mixture to be distilled is reduced to less than its vapor pressure. From: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation , 2012
Vacuum distillation shines in the dealcoholization process, offering a nuanced approach to crafting non-alcoholic versions of traditionally alcoholic beverages. This method is particularly beneficial for wines and beers, where the complexity of flavors and aromas is paramount.
A vacuum distillation is used when the boiling point of the compound (or the solvent) is too high (T b >150 o C) in order to distill the compound (or the solvent off) without significant decomposition. The setup is similar to a micro-scale or semi-macroscale distillation.