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Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. It is mainly caused by non-elastic effects; that is, not all the energy needed for deformation (or movement) of the wheel, roadbed, etc., is recovered when the pressure is removed.
SAE J1269 and SAE J2452 performed on new tires. SAE J2452 is a standard defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers [1] to measure the rolling resistance of tires. [2] Where the older standard, SAE J1269, produces measurements of rolling resistance under steady-state (i.e. thermally equilibrated) operating conditions, SAE J2452 produces measurements during a transient history of speed that ...
SAE J1269 is a standard test defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers [1] to measure the rolling resistance of tires under conditions of thermal equilibrium. [2] [3] SAE J2452 is an alternative procedure for measuring rolling resistance under conditions similar to a vehicle coastdown event, where the tire is in a roughly isothermal condition (but not thermal equilibrium).
Low rolling resistance tires are designed to reduce the energy loss as a tire rolls, decreasing the required rolling effort — and in the case of automotive applications, improving vehicle fuel efficiency as approximately 5–15% of the fuel consumed by a typical gas car may be used to overcome rolling resistance.
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Edmund Rumpler's 1921 Tropfenwagen was the first series-produced aerodynamically designed automobile, before the Chrysler Airflow and the Tatra 77.. The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design as it pertains to aerodynamics.
You might already be driving on low-rolling-resistance (LRR) tires. If you drive a car with a reputation for efficiency, it probably came from the factory with them.
It is the force which makes an object move over the surface by overcoming all the resisting forces like friction, normal loads (load acting on the tiers in negative Z axis), air resistance, rolling resistance, etc.