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  2. Whistleblower protection in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistleblower_protection...

    In most areas, the law requires physicians to file a report for "Any person suffering from any wound or other physical injury inflicted upon the person where the injury is the result of assaultive or abusive conduct." [17] Mandated reporters are obligated to submit a report to a local law enforcement agency as follows.

  3. Substantive due process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantive_due_process

    Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect substantive laws and certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if they are unenumerated elsewhere in the U.S. Constitution.

  4. Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area...

    Barbara Forrest testified as an expert witness for the plaintiff [19] and also furnished the court with a written expert witness report [20] and a supplemental report. [21] Forrest is a professor in philosophy in the Department of History and Political Science at Southeastern Louisiana University .

  5. Mandated reporter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandated_reporter

    The criteria for reporting vary significantly based on jurisdiction. [11] Typically, mandatory reporting applies to people who have reason to suspect the abuse or neglect of a child, but it can also apply to people who suspect abuse or neglect of a dependent adult or the elderly, [12] or to any members of society (sometimes called Universal Mandatory Reporting [UMR]).

  6. Daubert standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daubert_standard

    In United States federal law, the Daubert standard is a rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony.A party may raise a Daubert motion, a special motion in limine raised before or during trial, to exclude the presentation of unqualified evidence to the jury.

  7. Challenge–response authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge–response...

    The simplest example of a challenge-response protocol is password authentication, where the challenge is asking for the password and the valid response is the correct password. An adversary who can eavesdrop on a password authentication can authenticate themselves by reusing the intercepted password.

  8. Academic authorship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_authorship

    Ghost authorship occurs when an individual makes a substantial contribution to the research or the writing of the report, but is not listed as an author. [53] Researchers, statisticians and writers (e.g. medical writers or technical writers ) become ghost authors when they meet authorship criteria but are not named as an author.

  9. Terry stop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_stop

    A Terry stop in the United States allows the police to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity. [1] [2] Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause which is needed for arrest. When police stop and search a pedestrian, this is commonly known as a stop and frisk.