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Many cultures throughout history have speculated on the nature of the mind, heart, soul, spirit, brain, etc. For instance, in Ancient Egypt, the Edwin Smith Papyrus contains an early description of the brain, and some speculations on its functions (described in a medical/surgical context) and the descriptions could be related to Imhotep who was the first Egyptian physician who anatomized and ...
The core of Wundt's areas of interest and guiding ideas can already be seen in his Vorlesungen über die Menschen- und Tierseele (Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology) of 1863: individual psychology (now known as general psychology, i.e. areas such as perception, attention, apperception, volition, will, feelings and emotions); cultural ...
1911 – William McDougall, founder of Hormic Psychology published Body and Mind: A History and Defence of Animism, claiming that there is an animating principle in Nature and that the mind guides evolution. 1912 – Max Wertheimer published Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement, helping found Gestalt Psychology
A survey published in American Psychologist in 1991 ranked James's reputation in second place, [7] after Wilhelm Wundt, who is widely regarded as the founder of experimental psychology. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] James also developed the philosophical perspective known as radical empiricism .
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [1] [2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social ...
Carl Jung, the practicing clinician, writer, and founder of analytical psychology, had, through his marriage, the economic security to pursue interests in other intellectual topics of the moment. His early celebrity as a research scientist through the Word Association Test led to the start of prolific correspondence and worldwide travel.
Sigmund Freud (/ f r ɔɪ d / FROYD; [2] German: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfrɔʏt]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, [3] and the distinctive theory of ...
Max Wertheimer, co-founder of Gestalt psychology; Drew Westen; Michael White, (Founder of narrative therapy) Ken Wilber, transpersonal psychology, then integral psychology; Glenn D. Wilson, personality and sexual behaviour; Richard Wiseman; Władysław Witwicki, one of the fathers of psychology in Poland, the creator of the theory of cratism