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The rejection is spoken in rhythmic form in verses 21–23, contrasting Saul's sacrifice and obedience (cf. Isaiah 1:11–15; Hosea 6:6; Amos 5:21–24; Micah 6:6–8) and declaring that he who rejected God's word has been rejected, following a preliminary warning in 13:13 (cf. 12:14). [15]
Saul was appointed as a king to save his people 'from the hand of their enemies' (10:1), specifically the Philistines (9:16), that had a strong presence in the central hill country of Israel, were able to send out bands of raiders into different territories of Israel and controlled the manufacture of metal equipments for agricultural and weapons. [10]
And the Lord said to Samuel, "Heed the voice of the people in all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them." [23] "Should not reign over them": that is, the people did not even want a theocratic king, whose first duty would be to maintain the Torah (Deuteronomy 17:18, 19 ...
God commanded Samuel to anoint Saul not as "king" (Hebrew: melek), but "ruler" (Hebrew: nagid; "prince"), in contrast to the instruction for Samuel to anoint David as "king" in 1 Samuel 16:1. [23] After God clearly point Saul to Samuel ("Behold the man"; 1 Samuel 9:17 , the prophet introduced himself to Saul as the seer and demonstrating his ...
"And there they made Saul king": The Septuagint reads, "and Samuel anointed Saul king there," which is not improbable, as later David also had his original anointing by Samuel in front of his family (1 Samuel 16:12-13), then was twice publicly anointed, first as king of Judah (2 Samuel 2:4), and again as king over all Israel (2 Samuel 5:3), but ...
The public acclamation of Saul (verse 24), an important element in a king's installation (cf. 1 Kings 1:25, 34, 39; 2 Kings 11:12), was followed by the reading of the rights and duties of the kingship (cf. 1 Samuel 8:11–18; Deuteronomy 17:18–20), establishing the 'subjugation of the monarchy to prophetic authority'.
All three parts of Saul's speech reflects his weak position: (1) Saul conceded that his actions had been evil and that David was more 'righteous' than he (verse 17); (2) Saul acknowledged that David would become king (cf. Jonathan's words to David at Horesh in 1 Samuel 23:17); (3) Saul pled that David would preserve his name and not cut off his ...
YHWH alone chooses a king (the Hebrew verb bahar, "to choose", is used in both accounts; 1 Samuel 10:24; 16:8–10), so both Saul and David did not come to the throne by chance or force. Saul was from the smallest clan of the smallest tribe of Israel, whereas David was the youngest of Jesse's sons.