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The suffix .h is conventional for header names. — The C Programming Language The normal methodology is for allocation and actual definitions to go into .c files, but mere declarations and prototypes do not allocate and just describe the types and parameters so that the compiler can work correctly, and that information belongs in a .h header ...
Likewise, for C code to call a C++ function bar(), the C++ code for bar() must be declared with extern "C". A common practice for header files to maintain both C and C++ compatibility is to make its declaration be extern "C" for the scope of the header: [21]
A convenient way is to define the inline functions in header files and create one .c file per function, containing an extern inline declaration for it and including the respective header file with the definition. It does not matter whether the declaration is before or after the include.
The C++ standard library is similar, but the declarations may be provided by the compiler without reading an actual file. C standard header files are named with a .h file name extension, as in #include <stdio.h>. Typically, custom C header files have the same extension. Custom C++ header files tend to have more variety of extensions, including ...
(It will be declared in each file but may be defined in only one.) Such extern declarations are often placed in a shared header file, since it is common practice for all .c files in a project to include at least one .h file: the standard header file errno.h is an example, making the errno variable accessible
The primary effect of the extern "C" declaration in C++ is to disable C++ name mangling. With other languages, separate utils or middleware are used, examples include: GNOME project: GObject Introspection; SWIG; Chromium project: Blink and V8 engine use an interface description language (IDL) compiler for standard JavaScript interfaces; Other ...
Forward-declaration is used to avoid unnecessary coupling which help reducing compilation time by reducing the number of header inclusion. This has a triple advantage: reduce the number of files opened by #include (hence the number of operating system calls) reducing the volume of the pre-processed files (as the header is not included)
The application programming interface (API) of the C standard library is declared in a number of header files. Each header file contains one or more function declarations, data type definitions, and macros. After a long period of stability, three new header files (iso646.h, wchar.h, and wctype.h) were added with Normative Addendum 1 (NA1), an ...